IGNOU LSE-07 - Taxonomy and Evolution

1. Explain of the following: i) Botanical garden ii) Type specimen iii) Systematic iv) Vestigial organ 2. Differentiate between: i) Allopatric and peripatric speciation ii) Homo habilis and Homo erectus iii) Homologus and analogus organs iv) Alpha and Omega taxonomy 3. Short notes: a) Type specimens b) Hybrid sterility c) Phenetic classification d) Artifical system of classification 4. a) Explain the term homology and analogy with proper examples. b) Give the full form of : i) ICZN ii) 1UBS iii) ICBN iv) ICNCP c) What are the keys? 5. a) Differentiate between Homology and Analogy with proper examples. b) List the principles of Binomial Nomenclature. 6. a) Describe why is it necessary to classify plants and animals. b) Write the principles of taxonomy and systematics in brief. c) What is omnispective classification? 7. With the help of an example of host-parasite relationship explain the conceptof Coevolution. 8. Explain industrial melanism and genetic repatterning during isolation with examples. 9. Make a comparison between Homo habilis and Homo erectus. 10. a) Why is the defective allele for sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) not eliminated from human population by natural selection? b) Give the significance of Darwin’s contribution towards organic evolution.

1. Differentiate between the following:  i) Natural and phenetic classification ii) Flora and Monograph iii) Primary and secondary metabolites iv) Homologous and analogous organs  2. Discuss the main features of Bentham and Hooker system of classification. Also list its merits and demerits. 3. Write notes on the following:  i) Taxonomic hierarchy ii) Principles of Binomial Nomenclature iii) Famous Botanical gardens iv) Haeckel’s law  4. Describe the various tools/evidences used in taxonomy. 5. a) What are keys? Describe various types of keys and mention, how are they useful? b) What are wildlife sanctuaries? Describe few famous wildlife sanctuaries of India. 6. What is chemotaxonomy? Describe the various chemical characters used in the studies related to taxonomy.  7. a) Explain the concept of Genetic drift. b) Describe in brief Australopithecine.  8. What is Speciation? Discuss various kinds of speciation.  9. a) Explain the concept of Kin and group selection. b) How is alpha taxonomy different from omega taxonomy? 10. Variations in a natural population occur because of mutations and genetic recombination. Justify the statement by providing an elaborate explanation.